<i>Trypanosoma evansi</i> in dogs from Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso: Molecular prevalence

Vasconcelos, Ana Lúcia; Sumiyoshi, Melissa Harumi; Ferreira, Arlyson Sousa; Sousa, Valéria Régia Franco; Dutra, Valéria; Nakazato, Luciano; Ayres, Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte; Almeida, Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20230335

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PARASITOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 54 (9) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20230335 copy

Trypanosoma evansi in dogs from Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso: Molecular prevalence

Trypanosoma evansi em cães de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso: prevalência molecular

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Trypanosoma evansi, the hemoflagellate pathogen that causes “surra,” is a protozoan that infects the widest variety of mammals worldwide, primarily horses, camels, dogs, and wild animals. Cases of canine trypanosomiasis caused by T.evansi have been reported in the Brazilian pantonal region. This study determined the prevalence of T.evansi and investigate risk factors. The study used blood samples from dogs in the municipality of Barão de Melgaço in the pantonal of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The owner was given a structured epidemiological questionnaire containing information about the risk factors. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect T.evansi DNA using species-specific oligonucleotides TevF and TevR of the gene encoding a 227-bp portion of the glycoprotein of the variant surface (VSG) T.evansi Rode Trypanozoon (RoTat) 1.2. Two (prevalence of 0.5%) genetic materials of T.evansi were reported in the403 samples. Although, no risk factor was associated with infection (P > 0.05), proximity to vegetation and streams, as well as the presence of tabanids, rodents, and marsupials, which are factors in the occurrence of infection, were observed in positive dogs, implying that the municipality of Barão de Melgaço has epidemiological characteristics that allow canine infection by T.evansi.

Key words:
canine trypanosomiasis; Pantanal; protozoa; qPCR

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: arleferreira@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Variables	Dogs n (%)	Positives (%)	P-value
------------------------------------Sex----------------------------------
Male	230 (57.1)	1 (0.9)	0.33
Female	173 (42.9)	0 (0)	0.33
----------------------------------Breed----------------------------------
SRD	362 (89.8)	1 (0.2)	0.19
CRD	41 (10.2)	1 (0.2)	0.19
-------------------------------Age groups------------------------------
Undefined age	64 (15.9)	0 (0)
< 1 year	31 (7.7)	0 (0)
1 - 3 years	111 (27.5)	1 (0.2)	0.69
3 - 6 years	113 (28)	0 (0)
> 6 years	84 (20.8)	1 (0.2)
Total	403 (100)	2 (0.5)

Variables	Dogs n (%)	Positives (%)	P-value
------------------------------------------------------------------Location of the house------------------------------------------------------------------------
Urban Area	247 (61.3)	2 (0.5)	0.38
Rural Area	154 (38.2)	0 (0)	0.38
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Vegetation-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	364 (90.3)	2 (0.5)	0.82
No	39 (9.7)	0 (0)	0.82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Type of vegetation--------------------------------------------------------------------
No	39 (9.7)	0 (0)	0.82
Forests	137 (34)	1 (0.2)
Wasteland	38 (9.4)	0 (0)
Rivers/Streams	92 (22.8)	0 (0)
Associations	97 (24.1)	1 (0.2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------Presence of tabanids----------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	291 (72.2)	2 (0.5)	0.52
No	112 (27.8)	0 (0)	0.52
---------------------------------------------------------------Presence of rodents/marsupials----------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	242 (60)	2 (0.5)	0.36
No	161 (40)	0 (0)	0.36
----------------------------------------------------------------------Access to the street-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	298 (73.9)	2 (0.5)	0.55
No	105 (26.1)	0 (0)	0.55
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Dog habitat---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intradomestic	12 (3)	0 (0)	0.86
Peridomiciliar	352 (87.3)	2 (0.5)
Both	39 (9.7)	0 (0)
----------------------------------------------------------------------Access of rural area----------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	187 (46.4)	1 (0.2)	0.71
No	216 (53.6)	1 (0.2)
Total	403 (100)	2 (0.5)

Variables	Dogs n (%)	Positives (%)	P-value
-------------------------------------------------------------------------Clinical Signs---------------------------------------------------------------------------
No clinical signs	157 (39)	0 (0)	0.37
With clinical signs	246 (61)	2 (0.5)	0.37
---------------------------------------------------------------------General clinical status---------------------------------------------------------------------
Good	350 (87.8)	0 (0)	0.016^*
Regular	50 (12.4)	2 (0.5)
Bad	1 (0.2)	0 (0)
----------------------------------------------------------------------Mucous membranes----------------------------------------------------------------------
Pale	32 (7.9)	1 (0.2)	0.09
Normocolored	368 (91.3)	1 (0.2)
Jaundice	3 (0.7)	0 (0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Apathy------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	3 (0.7)	1 (0.2)	0.01^*
No	400 (99.3)	1 (0.2)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Anorexia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	2 (0.5)	1 (0.2)	0.01^*
No	401 (99.5)	1 (0.2)	0.01^*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Weight loss---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	8 (2)	1 (0.2)	0.04^*
No	395 (98)	1 (0.2)	0.04^*
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Edema------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	2 (0.5)	1 (0.2)	0.01^*
No	401 (99.5)	1 (0.2)	0.01^*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Splenomegaly--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	58 (14.4)	2 (0,5)	0.02^*
No	345 (85.6)	0 (0)	0.02^*
----------------------------------------------------------------------Lymphadenomegaly----------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes	88 (21.8)	2 (0.5)	0.05^*
No	315 (78.2)	0 (0)
Total	403 (100)	2 (0.5)