The Impact of Morphological Awareness on Reading and Spelling

Coelho, Carina; Capelas, Sylvie; Couto, Pedro Sá; Vinagre, Rita; Lousada, Marisa

doi:10.1590/1980-54702024v30e0017

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Research Report • Rev. bras. educ. espec. 30 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-54702024v30e0017 copy

The Impact of Morphological Awareness on Reading and Spelling² 2 This work was supported by the national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P., within CINTESIS, R&D Unit (UIDB/4255/2020 and UIDP/4255/2020) and within the scope of the project RISE (LA/P/0053/2020) and CIDMA (UID/MAT/04106/2019).

O Impacto da Consciência Morfológica na Leitura e na Ortografia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Morphological awareness is characterized by the ability to intentionally reflect and manipulate morphemes. The present study aimed to characterize the development of morphological awareness in school-age children and to analyze its impact on reading and spelling. The sample was comprised of 60 children with typical language development in Portuguese primary schools with a mean age of 8.6 (standard deviation = 0.1), 30of which attended the 2^nd grade and 30 the 4^th grade. The data was analyzed considering the use of language assessment instruments, reading and spelling and morphological awareness tests adapted from other studies. The results showed a significant difference in morphological awareness between the 2^nd grade and the 4^th grade. Although with different statistical proportions, there was a positive correlation between morphological awareness and reading, and between this metalinguistic capacity and spelling in both groups. An association is suggested between morphological awareness and reading and spelling and a difference in this correlation between the two degrees.

KEYWORDS:
Morphological awareness; Primary school; Reading; Spelling

Variables		N	N (%)	M	SD
Gender	Male	22	36.7	-	-
	Female	38	63.3	-	-
	Total	60	100	-	-
Age	grade	30	50	7.6	0.5
	grade	30	50	9.6	0.5
	Total	60	100	8.6	0.1

Tasks	2^nd grade Mean (SD)	4^th grade Mean (SD)
Morphosemantic decision task: affix	4.8 (2.0)	5.7 (1.7)
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Prefixes)	2.5 (1.1)	3.4 (0.86)
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Suffixes)	2.3 (1.5)	2.3 (1.1)
Morphosemantic decision task: stem	10.4 (1.6)	11.6 (0.9)
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Prefixes)	5.1 (1.2)	5.8 (0.7)
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Suffixes)	5.4 (0.8)	5.8 (0.5)
Derived word analogy task	7.1 (1.9)	8.6 (1.2)
Derived word analogy task (Affixes)	7.1 (1.8)	8.7 (1.2)
Pseudoword interpretation task	2.2 (1.6)	3.2 (2.1)
Judgement of word relations task	6.1 (1.0)	6.6 (0.6)
Total morphological awareness	30.9 (5.2)	36.0 (4.5)

Tasks	Percentage of correct answers in the 2^nd grade	Percentage of correct answers in the 4^th grade
Morphosemantic decision task: affix	60.0%	71.7%
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Prefixes)	63.3%	85.0%
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Suffixes)	56.7%	58.3%
Morphosemantic decision task: stem	86.9%	96.7%
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Prefixes)	84.4%	96.1%
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Suffixes)	89.4%	97.2%
Derived word analogy task	70.7%	86.3%
Derived word analogy task (Affixes)	71.3%	86.7%
Pseudoword interpretation task	25.0%	37.5%
Judgement of word relations task	87.1%	94.8%

Subtest	Reading	Spelling
Morphosemantic decision task: affix	0.256*	0.201
Morphosemantic decision task: stem	0.546**	0.550**
Derived word analogy task	0.593**	0.458**
Derived word analogy task (Affixes)	0.606**	0.467**
Pseudoword interpretation task	0.495**	0.383**
Judgment of word relations task	0.427**	0.338**
Total Morphological awareness	0.651**	0.539**

Subtests	Reading		Spelling
Subtests	Reading B list	Reading C list	Written by thematic elicitation	Written by dictation
Morphosemantic decision task: affix	0.066	-0.056	-0.154	-0.090
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Prefixes)	0.029	-0.001	-0.179	0.124
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Suffixes)	0.069	-0.077	-0.079	-0.216
Morphosemantic decision task: stem	0.420*	0.437*	0.450*	0.390
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Prefixes)	0.212	0.339	0.341	0.415
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Suffixes)	0.506**	0.356	0.378*	0.155
Derived word analogy task	0.481**	0.509**	0.345	0.343
Derived word analogy task (Affixes)	0.480**	0.512**	0.339	0.347
Pseudoword interpretation task	0.390*	0.162	0.207	0.124
Judgement of word relations task	0.349	0.311	0.087	0.217
Morphological awareness	0.474**		0.326

Subtests	Reading		Spelling
Subtests	Reading B list	Reading C list	Written by thematic elicitation	Written by dictation
Morphosemantic decision task: affix	0.379*	0.507**	0.541**	0.421*
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Prefixes)	0.505**	0.544**	0.363*	0.325
Morphosemantic decision task: affix (Suffixes)	0.209	0.382*	0.578**	0.417*
Morphosemantic decision task: stem	0.309	0.392*	0.591**	0.270
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Prefixes)	0.201	0.343	0.407*	0.137
Morphosemantic decision task: stem (Suffixes)	0.329	0.287	0.596**	0.343
Derived word analogy task	0.378*	0.288	0.215	0.322
Derived word analogy task (Affixes)	0.411*	0.341	0.241	0.350
Pseudoword interpretation task	0.560**	0.672**	0.387*	0.446*
Judgment of word relations task	0.257	0.347	0.455	0.336
Morphological awareness	0.724**		0.659**

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